Pavement and process of constructing a pavement



Jan. 13, 1931. a. H. WAIT 1,783,735

PAVEMENT AND PRbCESS 0F CONSTRUCTING A PAVEMENT Filed Sept. 2'7, 192'? 5g. I a 4 4i Pat te'd Jan. 13,1931 7 slang-Any H. WAITTQ F" NEW O H EL EQN W Y R KY.

I Y PAVEMENT AND VIPBQCEQS 0F cowsTR eT'ING A PAV NT I My invention-relatesto articles of manugfa'cturemad e of 'coherete and particularly Atb pevements,plgitforths, floors enfl the like,.

pthe g" etruetlifeelhaj ing surfaces: exposed ear pr detel lqretlon and, v whlch, at" .-s[0met1me ,1t.1'nay;be-deslrable to' replace 4 itfhput the Tne cessity 'efreplacing the Qil tiTG '1 structure. It relates to. improvements 111 the f concrete 0 eitherfside;thereof. The 'pr'e-Q 'fIn 1;10st instenesueh a form'go f censt uea I ti o ri; will give" ve ry s atisfectory reslilts hut j. 130 i l te da nns ct bii iwit freez n p'e ratjlreis there i; da ger that moisture will ffenetrete intothe cleavage strzzttxng.by capilf lar'ly attfaetion; along 'the 'thi'ead s' 0f the v f cleavage I 1-,: Intheaforesaid patent thereisdiclos'ed aloljglwhi chtthe monolith may he keleftbrsplit, ind formed by incorporating inthe mon olith e' fabricated medium divid- 1 j m onolith of Concrete having a, stratum the stlpatuin into a multiplicity: of comparatively smell areas o f integrity with the general chai'actef bfburlap or' chieese clothg {Such}; frie'clium" may be iiiorporated in the vltz ellt ziite and ;,"h1ay e'Xtendfin ,cljajs'epf a pavement 01 rq a dwey,"'freiiyedgeftc; edge; I V I lthereinw h moisture-b rr e sMme-late al thereof.

Wher e considerable Water or' moisture is en'- iabric. When this moisture freezes, 'theexpansiye force developed may he sufli cientto effect a partial se'parationfdf' the monolith 21m the c1eavage'stratu'm.When the bend lilsebnce been brqken at theedge of the pave merit, fa greater 'spacejfon, the entrqnee of mei stu l e is provided andftl' vprogress;acrtms {the lab.

n e In order-11 prevent thi', 7 1 5 statrt the c lea iage plane prpperjsbmeidi se fiblithj th g opbrt'iqn f efebl icy hic v k "cleft" qrlsplit;

tehce in from'thef exposed edges (if theifnrioh r r b l i eb ib l li m stu tends throughatofthe';exterlor f-themonm W hes j ts n xvi i l-du e the-no el 'sl fi l t ir'w mail-105d ce n jbrilcting the same which is described e el w andii11 t ated- 11 a more r less ftypiture barrierso'r dam'sIf fpyeVenting r ob-i eleavege stifattlm to aihother,

mlman 'e -sttucti.1 1g. ;the passage -.of Water jfrom one I 'The phjctsjjb'fmyinyentiontherefore,are tg provide; jm'Qnolithic concrete structuiie 7 havi I p de e n ratum thr -e 1' Vt 2 1 sl e idli t monoli h y lf sp"tit,jjend ih which the liability,OfmQiSture v v see ing ihtgqffthe'f cleavage stiatiim' ifrmh L oints ."eXteri' 'ri I of; the monolith will be Jsuhg gtentiztlly' el ilhi mated? Ahpther jcbjelct' 'i'sitfo e "pioyi iclealne dlithic'structurehayingastrip;L

tQm-thereiri alo'ngjwhichjthe men olith my 7 he] geiiei'ally cleft 1 f} split (by; silitah'lje y mecha ica means which is paced dam 0r; hatrl ielsv are provided to" preyent the efepageofmitur from qnesectibn of l'ithi peyementhayingj 2t cleavage stratum Fi g. 5v'i llustratesan' intel rhediate stagein' x ,-a s lightly 'modified typefoi c'pnstructioh. Ref n t h iwin iml y' r i e'p resehts atneholithiecdnerete' structure h iiig a" wer eme Z Te d Ta pp cbufse 3,?tndhfi i iiterniediatemedium; 4, I yof sugh a character thzit atdifCt'bOIldibG-iff Ween "the-upper endf lowe f eO ufses isfppo-fl j' I.

ided hr ugmhe e u bu h hi'iwi L i form {p i z q he" 1911i, Strzttum=- comparative Weemess along which the'monolith; jmay he ru ting matement: 0r thefiike; I

. slight structural strength.

slightly by a light roller or otherwise, so;

that mortar is forced therethrough. The extreme edges ofithe" fabric. are .placed so that they will not projectthrough the edges of the slab. In other words, the bottom course is not completely covered by the fab- 1. ric, but a slight margin, 6, is"left between the edges 'of the fabric and the exposed edges of the pavement. The upper course is then placed immediately and before the lower course has attained its initial set, and the surface is finish'edby the usual methods.

Thel'medium which I propose to use may be of'almost any character-provided it will divide a stratum of theconcrete into a mul- -t1pl1c1ty of spaced, comparatively small or minute areas, ,10. TFor example, ordinary cheese cloth, wh ch s cheap, gives very satisfactory results, and any fabric or fabricated medium such as metal screen, cloth, burlap or the like having comparatively small, closely spaced interstices which will permlt' an integralv mortar bond between the concrete on either side thereof and yet give the desiredcleavage may"be' employed. The

interstices or. perforations in 'the medium should be of such size that comparatively large portions of the coarse aggregate particles cannot project therethrough thus providing an interrupted stratum consisting substantially of mortar which is comparatively weak. In connection; with the general character of the medium which I pro ,pose to employ, it isto be understood that the. purpose of this invention is not to strengthen or reinforce themon olith, but

to rende'ri Lit susceptible to splittiiig along' a predetermined surface or stratum with out otherwise substantially affecting 1 its strength. In other 1 words the medium ","which I propose to incorporate of such "character that it weakens rather thanreiln strength offlthelmedium itself is substantially immaterial and sfor economical reasons is-preferablv-lightin weight and 0f The width, or extent of the depends somewhat upon the thickness. of the. top course and the character of the ma 3 terials therein, and should be such. that when the top course is'fbeing cleft from the f V bottom course by: mechanical means, {the splitting actionwill carry acrossthe-mar-.

gin; I Inasmuch as the .-margin 'is .merely to t5 7 provide a dam or barrier which will prevent qlithisicleftn In constructing my pavement, 1t' 1s to be ;,understood that the method of procedure s seepage of moisture into or between the strands of the fabric, it may be made quite narrow, and generally speaking, its width should not exceed the thickness of the top course. In. addition to leaving a margin along the exposed edges of the'pavement, similar margins may be left at either side of the joints, 7 in the pavement. Likewise, transverse dams,'8, orlongitudinal dams, 9,

may be provided. dividing the cleavage stratum into such sections as may seem desirable thus preventingt-he seepage of moisture from one section to another.

These intermediate dams maybe formed by placing separate pieces of fabric upon the bottom'course and leaving the desired spaces between to permit a full adhesion there of the top and bottom courses. here such a procedure isobjectionable, a specially woven'fabric, such as thatillustrated at 11,

maybe employed. Here, the fabric a continuous strip and comprises substantial areas, 12, in'which the strands thereof are comparatively closely spaced, say s" the strands are rather widely spaced, say

1/ 01 t and which said areas are connected by comparatively DQTIOWIJJOIUODS, 13, in which coarsely woven portions the adhesion will".

be substantially between the top and bottom courses and yet the total expansive force which may be develope'dby water freezing along the comparatively widely a separation of, the concrete.

.As' pointed out in my patent aforesaid, the interposition of the'fabric does not lessintegrity, 10, between the courses, andfwhich areformed by the l nortar penetrating the spaced strands will not be sufiicient to effect interstices of the fabric, break separately, so

that the splitting of the concreteiis 'progressive across the stratum of cleavage. The

actual area of the'strands of fabricis only small percentage of the total area in the plane of the fabric and the matrix contact between the upper and lower courses comprises a substantial percentage of .the total ;forces the concrete, Hence the structural area in the cleavage stratum; This matrix contact, however,fisfdiv oed into a multior sections break one by one when the monoinfnowise-limited ,to-the working of the bottom cofursefto' produce a mortor surface uplicity of very small integral' parts by the strands of the fabric,and these small parts j into the-lower course as described in'my preferred method of procedure; However, it

a bottom ,courseso as to bring the mortar. to the surface, and slightly embedding thefab-t will beobvious thatgby manipulating the ric in this mortar, the cleavage-stratum will be located in a zone of comparatively weak mortar or matrix so that separation of the monolith'alongthis stratum will be facilitatedp Furthermore, 7 slightly embedding the fabric stifiens up the lowerv course so,

" that the materials of the fupper course will not be worked into the base, and the poorer materials of the lower course will not-be worked up into the top course. In this way,

the upper course can be built of a uniform willfbe worked to the to'p'and cause scaling.

' My pavementimay, of course, be laid with expansion andicontraction joints, with steel or' other reinforcing where desired, and of.

V fa11 -mixture "or. depth,- i all as required by the trafiic, temperature variations, subgrade and other conditions affecting the design as a structure.

While I have described my invention in its preferred embodiment itis to be understood 7 that thewords which I haveused are words Y of description ratherthanof limitation and,

that changes within the purview of the api, pended claims may be made without departjing from'the'true scope and spirit "of my I, inventionin its broadestaspects. 40

having a stratum' therein along which' ritmay, be cleft or split including zones divided;

WhatIclaimis' p Q 1. Almonolithic concrete slab orfthe like I 7 into va multiplicity of spaced, comparatively 7 stantially complete," uninterrupted"integrity adapted 'to obstruct the passage of moisture. betweenthe first-mentioned' zones,

sr'nall areas of integritywiththe concrete on 'eithersideof said stratuin'and zones'of sub having a stratunithereindivided' intoa inul 'tiplicity of spaced, comparatively, smallarea's of integrity" with the concrete on either side of said stratum but terminating short of the, edges iof s'aidi'slab,-whereby' seepage or moisture into said 'stratumis substantially "prevented by the surrounding solid concrete.

i substantially continuous concrete.

'3 A 'monolithic'concrete' slab; or the like 7 having a cleavage'stratum distinguished in section by zonescomprising a multiplicity of spaced, comparativelysmall area'of concrete,

separated by comparatively narrow Zones of A monolithic concrete slab or the having a cleavageist'ratum thc'reinidistilb lithalOng.v the cleavage stratum, 7.3 A monoli hic [concrete pavementprisesplacing a" course of concrete, working; the'sa netopmduce a mortar surface there-[i v v I I 7 on, covering slightly less t-ha'n the total ex-j] posed surface of said course witha fabri-f f cated medium 'pervioils to mortar but subs u stantially impervious to-coarse aggregate, and -i l u o crete over and aroundt-he edges of said me- I T thesettingof the first course BERTRAND H. WAIT;

guished in section by f a; zone comprising multiplicity of spaced, comparat vely small v r areasofconc'rete, and; a contiguous zone of e ai s like having astratum therein along'which fl i v the monolith may be cleft or split, and 'comprising, a lower course, an upper course and:

crete' extending between the upper and low-f er coursesbut not sufficientto prevent a subd stantially' continuous splitting of the 'Il'lQIlO- like comprising a lower course, an upper j course, and van intermediate L la-yer comprising a fabricatedmedium'perviousto mortar" a, butsubsta-nt ally impervious to coarse aggregate; said intermediate medium terminating an intermediate layer of slightly spa'ced f 1 [pieces of fabric pervious to mortar but sub stantially "impervious to coarse aggregate 5 the spacingibetween said pieces,being*sulfi cient to; rornra, moisture barrier-of solid con; r

slightly short of thefexposed lateraledges' of said pavement to' permit the format on. of a nioisture barrier ofsolid concrete "extending between theupper and lowercourssbut of insuflicientthickness to prevent agen i e o eralrsplitting of themonolith-along the vplaneof said layer.

- 8., The processof constructing a monov f 'v lithicconcrete slabor the like having a'sub-i stantiallywatertight stratumltherein along Iwhich the monolith may belcleft orsplit'fi V which comprises placing a course of concrete, covering slightly less jthanthe total exposed surfacexofisaidcourse with. aiabricated me+ diuni p'ervious.tojmortarbut"substantiallyf limperv'io s =tojcoarse aggregate, and placing i g a secon course oficoncrete over, and-around p the edgeszofsaid mediumi before the setting ofthe-firstcolirse, .2.-A monolithic 'conoreterslabi orthelikef i ilithic slab orthelike havingia substantiallyjf g "9. The process monolith may be (cleft or split, which com-t waterproof stratum therein along whiohlthe I thereafter placing ,a second course' of; con- 1 efore 

